Decision Review System (DRS) - Playing Conditions
1 GENERAL
1.1
The DRS includes:
• The process for the referral by the on-field
umpires of a decision to the third umpire and/or the consultation process
(between the on-field umpire(s) and the
third umpire) initiated by the on-field umpire(s) as set out in
paragraph 2 below and which have been collectively termed in these playing
conditions as an
“Umpire Review”; and
• The process initiated by the players for the
review of an on-field umpire’s decision (by means of a consultation between the
on-field umpire(s) and the third umpire) as set out in paragraph 3 below and
which has been termed in these playing conditions as the “Player Review”.
1.2
The Home Board will be required to ensure that
the television technology specifications set out in Appendix 2 are provided.
1.3 In particular, the Home Board is to ensure that
a separate room is provided for the third umpire and that he has access to the
television equipment and technology as specified in Appendix 2 so as to be in
the best position to facilitate the referral and/or consultation processes
referred to in paragraphs 2 (Umpire Review) and 3 (Player Review) below.
1.4 The ICC shall appoint an independent technology
expert (ICC Technical Official) to be present at every series to assist the
third umpire and to protect the integrity of the DRS process.
2 UMPIRE REVIEW
In the circumstances detailed in paragraphs 2.1,
2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 below, the on-field umpire has the discretion to refer
the decision to the third umpire or, in the case of 2.2.(a), 2.4 and 2.5, to
consult with the third umpire before making the decision and should take a
common sense approach.
Save for requesting the umpire to review his decision
under paragraph 3 (Player Review) below, players may not appeal to the umpire
to use the Umpire Review - breach of this provision would constitute dissent
and the player could be liable for discipline under the ICC Code of Conduct.
The third umpire shall call for as many replays
from any camera angle as is necessary to reach a decision. As a guide, a
decision should be made within 30 seconds whenever possible, but the third
umpire shall have the discretion to take more time.
2.1 Run Out, Stumping and Hit
Wicket Decisions
a)
The on-field umpire shall be entitled to refer
an appeal for a run-out, stumping or hit wicket to the third umpire.
b)
An on-field umpire wishing to refer a decision
to the third umpire shall signal to the third umpire by making the shape of a
TV screen with his hands.
c) In the case of a referral of a hit wicket or
stumping decision, the third umpire shall first check the fairness of the
delivery (all modes of No ball except for the bowler using an illegal action,
[for clarity, a specific type of banned delivery can be reviewed and called no
ball]). If the delivery was not a fair delivery he shall indicate that the
batsman is not out and advise the on-field umpire to signal no ball. See also
paragraph 3.10 below.
d) Additionally, if the third umpire finds the
batsman is out by another mode of dismissal (excluding LBW), or not out by any
mode of dismissal (excluding LBW), he shall notify the on-field umpire so that
the correct decision is made.
e) If the third umpire decides the batsman is out a
red light is displayed; a green light means not-out. Should the third umpire be
temporarily unable to respond, a white light (where available) will remain
illuminated throughout the period of interruption to signify to the on-field
umpires that the TV replay system is temporarily unavailable, in which case the
decision will be taken by the on-field umpire. (As an alternative to the
red/green light system and where available, the big replay screen may be used
for the purpose of conveying the third umpire’s decision.)
2.2 Caught Decisions,
Obstructing the Field
In the event of an appeal for a caught decision:
Fair Catches,
Bump Ball and Obstructing the Field
a) Should the bowler’s end umpire be unable to
decide whether or not a catch was taken fairly, or if a catch was taken from a
bump ball or not, or if, on appeal from the fielding side, the batsman
obstructed the field, he shall first consult with the square leg umpire.
b) Should both on-field umpires require assistance
from the third umpire to make a decision, the bowler’s end umpire shall firstly
take a decision on-field after consulting with the other umpire, then he shall
consult by two-way radio with the third umpire. Such consultation shall be
initiated by the bowler’s end umpire to the third umpire by making the shape of
a TV screen with his hands, followed by an ‘out’ or ‘not out’ signal made with
the hands close to the chest at chest height.
If the third umpire advises that the replay evidence is inconclusive,
the on-field decision communicated at the start of the consultation process
shall stand.
c) The third umpire has to determine whether the
batsman has been caught, or if it was a bump ball or not, or if the batsman
obstructed the field. However, in reviewing the television replay(s), the third
umpire shall first check the fairness of the delivery for decisions involving a
catch (all modes of No ball except for the bowler using an illegal action, [for
clarity, a specific type of banned delivery can be reviewed and called no
ball]) and whether the batsman has hit the ball. If the delivery was not a fair
delivery or if it is clear to the third umpire that the batsman did not hit the
ball he shall indicate to the on-field umpire that the batsman is not out
caught, and in the case of an unfair delivery, advise the on-field umpire to
signal no ball. See also paragraph 3.10 below. Additionally, if
it is clear to the third umpire that the batsman is out by another mode of
dismissal (excluding LBW), or not out by any mode of dismissal (excluding LBW),
he shall notify the on-field umpire so that the correct decision is made.
For clarity, the third umpire shall not check for another mode of
dismissal when there is an appeal for obstructing the field.
d)
The third umpire shall communicate his decision
by the system as in paragraph 2.1 (e).
2.3 Boundary Decisions
a) The on-field umpire shall be entitled to refer
to the third umpire for a decision about whether the fieldsman had any part of
his person in contact with the ball when he touched the boundary or when he had
any part of his person grounded beyond the boundary, or whether a four or six
had been scored. A decision is to be made immediately and cannot be changed
thereafter.
Note:
If the television evidence is inconclusive as to
whether or not a boundary has been scored, the status quo will remain, and it
shall be treated as runs scored by
the batting side.
b) An on-field umpire wishing the assistance of the
third umpire in this circumstance shall communicate with the third umpire by
use of a two-way radio and the third umpire will convey his decision to the
on-field umpire by this method.
c) The third umpire may initiate contact with the
on-field umpire by two-way radio if TV coverage shows a boundary line
infringement or incident that appears not to have been acted upon by the
on-field umpires.
2.4 Batsmen Running to the Same
End
a) In the event of both batsmen running to the same
end and the umpires are uncertain over which batsmen made his ground first, the
on-field umpire may consult with the third umpire.
b)
The procedure in paragraph 2.3 (b) shall apply.
3 PLAYER REVIEW
The following clauses shall operate in addition to and in conjunction
with paragraph 2 (Umpire Review).
3.1 Circumstances in which a
Player Review may be requested
a) A player may request a review of any decision
taken by the on-field umpires concerning whether or not a batsman is dismissed,
with the exception of ‘Timed Out’ (Player Review).
b) For the avoidance of doubt, no other decisions
made by the umpires are eligible for a Player Review with the exception of Fair
Catch/Bump Ball (even after the 3rdd umpire has been consulted and
decision communicated).
c) Only the batsman involved in a dismissal may
request a Player Review of an ‘Out’ decision and only the captain (or acting
captain) of the fielding team may request a Player Review of a ‘Not Out’
decision.
d) A decision concerning whether or not a batsman
is dismissed that could have been the subject of a Umpire Review under
paragraph 2 is eligible for a Player Review as soon as it is clear that the on-field
umpire has chosen not to initiate the Umpire Review.
3.2 The manner of requesting
the Player Review
a)
The request should be made by the player making
a ‘T’ sign with both forearms at head height.
b) The total time elapsed between the ball becoming
dead and the review request being made should be no more than 15 seconds. The
only exception permitted is when an Umpire Review of a fair catch or bump ball
(as permitted in Clause 2.2 above) is required to answer an appeal for a Caught
decision, in which case either team is able to request a Player Review of that
Caught decision within 15 seconds of the decision being communicated. The
on-field umpire should provide the player with a prompt after 10 seconds if the
request has not been made at that time and the player should request the review
immediately thereafter. If the umpires believe that a request has not been made
within the 15 second time frame, they will decline to review the decision.
c) The captain may consult with the bowler and
other fielders or the two batsmen may consult with each other prior to deciding
whether to request a Player Review. Under no circumstances is any player
permitted to query an umpire about any aspect of a decision before deciding on
w hether or not to request a Player Review. If the umpires believe that the
captain or batsman has received direct or indirect input emanating other than
from the players on the field, then they may at their discretion decline the
request for a Player Review. In particular, signals from the dressing room must
not
be given.
d) No replays, either at normal speed or slow
motion, should be shown on a big screen to spectators until the time allowed
for the requesting of a Player Review has elapsed. The only exception to this
provision is when the Player Review of a Caught decision is requested after the
Umpire Review of a fair catch or bump ball has concluded, as detailed in 3.2(b)
above, as replays may have been shown on the big screen during that Umpire
Review process. See also paragraph
3.11
below.
e) If either on-field umpire initiates an Umpire
Review under paragraph 2, this does not preclude a player seeking a Player
Review of a separate incident from the same delivery. The Player Review request
may be made after the Umpire Review provided it is still within the timescale
described in (b) above. (See 3.8 (b) and
3.8
(c) below for the process for addressing both an
Umpire and Player Review).
f)
A request for a Player Review may not be
withdrawn once it has been made.
3.3 The process of consultation
a)
On receipt of an eligible and timely request for
a Player Review, the on-field umpire will make the sign of a television with
his hands in the normal way.
b)
He will initiate communication with the third
umpire by confirming the decision that has been made and that the player has
requested a Player Review.
c)
The third umpire must then work alone,
independent of outside help or comment, other than when consulting the on-field
umpire.
d) A two-way consultation process should begin to
investigate whether there is anything that the third umpire can see or hear
which would indicate that the on-field umpire should change his decision.
e)
This consultation should be on points of fact,
where possible phrased in a manner leading to yes or no answers. Questions
requiring a single answer based on
f) The third umpire shall not withhold any factual
information which may help in the decision making process, even if the
information is not directly prompted by the on-field umpire’s questions. In
particular, in reviewing a dismissal, if the third umpire believes that the
batsman may instead be out by any other mode of dismissal, he shall advise the
on-field umpire accordingly. The process of consultation described in this
paragraph in respect of such other mode of dismissal shall then be conducted as
if the batsman has been given not out.
g) The third umpire should initially check whether
the delivery is fair (all modes of No ball except for the bowler using an
illegal action,
[for clarity, a specific type of banned delivery
can be reviewed and called no ball]) where appropriate advising the on-field
umpire accordingly. See also paragraph 3.10 below.
h) If despite the available technology, the third umpire
is unable to answer with a high degree of confidence a particular question
posed by the on-field umpire, then he should report that the replays are
‘inconclusive’. The third umpire should not give answers conveying likelihoods
or probabilities.
i) Subject to paragraph 3.3 (j) below, specifically
when advising on LBW decisions, the requirement for a high degree of confidence
should be interpreted as follows:
i) With regard to determining the point of pitching
the evidence provided by technology should be regarded as definitive and the
Laws as interpreted in clause 3.9 (a) below should be strictly applied.
ii)
With regard to the point of impact
• If a ‘not out’ decision is being reviewed, in order to report that the point of impact is
between wicket and wicket (i.e. in line with the stumps), the
evidence provided by technology should show that
the centre of the ball at the moment of interception is in line within an area
demarcated by a line drawn down the outside of the outer stumps.
• If an ‘out’ decision is being reviewed, in order to report that the point of impact is
not between wicket and wicket (i.e. outside the line of the stumps), the
evidence provided by technology should show that no part of the ball at the
moment of interception is between wicket and wicket.
iii)
With regard to determining whether the ball was
likely to have hit the stumps:
• If a ‘not out’ decision is being reviewed, in order to report that the ball is hitting
the stumps, the evidence provided by technology should show that the
centre of the ball would have hit the stumps
within an area demarcated by a line drawn below the lower edge of the bails and
down the outside of the outer stumps.
However, where the evidence shows that the ball would have hit the
stumps within the demarcated area as set out above but that:
• The point of impact is 300cm or more from the
stumps; or
•
The point of impact is more than 250cm but less
than 300cm from the stumps and the distance between point of pitching and point
of impact is less than 40cm,the original decision will stand (i.e. not out).
• If an ‘out’ decision is being reviewed, in order to report that the ball is missing
the stumps, the evidence of the technology should show that no part of the ball
would have made contact with any part of the stumps or bails.
iv)
With regard to
determining whether the ball was likely to have hit the stumps after striking
the pad on the full and being predicted to pitch before striking or passing the
stumps:
•
The
technology should predict the line of the delivery in accordance with Law 36.2b
and show this path from directly above the stumps in the simulation.
•
The 3rd
umpire shall advise the on-field umpire whether the ball was going to intercept
the line of the stumps based on the prediction of the technology, and make no
comment on the predicted height of the ball after pitching, which shall remain
a judgment of the on-field umpire.
j) In circumstances where the television technology
(all or parts thereof) is not available to the third umpire or fails for
whatever reason, the third umpire shall advise the on-field umpire of this fact
but still provide any relevant factual information that may be ascertained from
the available television replays and other technology. See also paragraph 3.5
(d).
k) The on-field umpire must then make his decision
based on those factual questions that were answered by the third umpire, any
other factual information offered by the third umpire and his recollection and
opinion of the original incident.
l) The on-field umpire will reverse his decision if
the nature of the supplementary information received from the third umpire
leads him to conclude that his original decision was incorrect.
3.4 The process for
communicating the final decision
a)
When the on-field umpire has reached a decision,
he should advise the TV director (directly or via the third umpire).
b) For Player Reviews concerning potential
dismissals, he should then indicate “Out” by raising his finger above his head
in a normal yet prominent manner or indicate “Not Out” by the call of ‘not out’
and by crossing his hands in a horizontal position side to side in front and
above his waist three times (as per a ‘safe’ decision in baseball). Where the
decision is a reversal of the on-field umpire’s previous decision, he should
make the ‘revoke last signal’ indication immediately prior to the above.If the mode of dismissal is not obvious or not the same as that
on which the original decision was based, then the umpire should advise the
official scorers via the third umpire.
3.5 Number of Player Review requests
permitted
Subject to the provisions of clauses a) to g)
below, each team will have two unsuccessful player review requests remaining
immediately after the completion of the 80th over of the innings. For the sake
of clarity, at the end of the 80th over a team with no remaining player reviews
receives 2 additional reviews; a team with 1 remaining player review receives 1
additional review, and a team with 2 remaining player reviews receives no
additional reviews.
a) Subject to the above, each team is allowed to
make a maximum of two unsuccessful player review requests in the first 80 overs
of the innings, and a maximum of two unsuccessful player review requests after
80 overs for the remainder of the innings. If a player review results in the
umpire reversing his original decision, then the request has been successful
and does not count towards the innings limit. If the umpire’s decision is
unchanged, the player review is unsuccessful. After two unsuccessful requests by
one team within the first 80 overs, no further player review requests will be
allowed by that team until after 80 overs. After two unsuccessful requests by
one team, both made after the first 80 overs, no further player review requests
will be allowed by that team during the remainder of that innings.
b) If following a Player Review, an umpire upholds
a decision of ‘Out’, but for a different mode of dismissal from that for which
the original decision was given, then the request will still be regarded as unsuccessful.
c) If following a Player Review, an umpire upholds
a decision of ‘Not Out’ on account of the delivery being a no ball for any
reason, thereby not requiring any review of the ball’s subsequent trajectory,
then this will not be counted as an unsuccessful request and not count towards
the innings limit.
d) If a Player Review and an Umpire Review occur
from the same delivery and the decision from the Umpire Review renders the
Player Review unnecessary (see 3.8 (b) and 3.8 (c)), then the Player Review request
will be ignored and not be counted as unsuccessful.
e) An unsuccessful review may be re-instated by the
Match Referee at his sole discretion (if appropriate after consultation with
the ICC Technical Official and/or the television broadcast director), if the
review could not properly be concluded due to a failure of the technology. Any
such decision shall be final and should be taken as soon as possible once all
the relevant facts have been ascertained by the Match Referee. An unsuccessful
review shall not be re-instated if, despite any technical failures, the correct
decision could still have been made using the other available technology.
Similarly, no reinstatement shall be made where the technology worked as
intended, but the evidence gleaned from its use was “inconclusive”.
f) The third umpire shall be responsible for
counting the number of unsuccessful player reviews and advising the on-field
umpires once either team has exhausted their allowance either for the first 80
overs or for the innings.
g)
The scoreboard shall display, for the innings in
progress, the number of Player Reviews remaining available to each team.
3.6 Dead ball
a) If following a Player Review request, an
original decision of ‘Out’ is changed to ‘Not Out’, then the ball is still
deemed to have become dead when the original decision was made (as per Law
23.1(a)(iii)). The batting side, while benefiting from the reversal of the
dismissal, will not benefit from any runs that may subsequently have accrued
from the delivery had the on-field umpire originally made a ‘Not Out’ decision,
other than any No Balls penalty that could arise under 3.3 (g) above.
b) If an original decision of ‘Not Out’ is changed
to ‘Out’, the ball will retrospectively be deemed to have become dead from the
moment of the dismissal event. All subsequent events, including any runs
scored, are ignored.
3.7 Use of technology
a)
The following technology may be used by the
third umpire.
Slow motion
replays from all available cameras
Super slow
motion replays from all available cameras
Ultra motion
camera replays from all available cameras
Ultra Edge
Sound from the
stump microphones with the replays at normal speed and slow motion
Approved ball
tracking technology
The mat,
generated by the provider of ball tracking technology, not by the broadcaster
Hot Spot
cameras
Real-Time
Snickometer
LED Wickets
(using the lights to indicate if the wicket is broken)
In addition, other forms of technology may be used subject to ICC being
satisfied that the required standards of accuracy and time efficiency can be
met.
b)
Where practical
usage or further testing indicates that any of the above forms of technology
cannot reliably provide accurate and timely information, then it may be removed
prior to or during a match. The final decision regarding the technology to be
used in a given match will be taken by the ICC Match Referee in consultation
with the ICC Technical Official, ICC Management and the competing teams’
governing bodies.
3.8 Combining Umpire Reviews
with Player Reviews
a) If an Umpire Review (under Clause 2) and a
Player Review request are made following the same delivery but relating to
separate modes of dismissal, the following procedure shall apply.
b)
The Umpire Review should be carried out prior to
the Player Review if all of the
following conditions apply:
i)
The Player Review has been requested by the
fielding side
ii)
The Umpire Review and the Player Review both
relate to the dismissal of the same batsman
iii)
If the batsman is out, the number of runs scored
from the delivery would be the same for both modes of dismissal
iv)
If the batsman is out, the batsman on strike for
the next delivery would be the same for both modes of dismissal.
c) If the Umpire Review leads the third umpire to
make a decision of ‘Out’, then this will be displayed in the usual manner and
the Player Review will not be performed. If the Umpire Review results in a not
out decision, then the third umpire will make no public decision but proceed to
address the Player Review request.
For
illustration, following an unsuccessful lbw appeal, the striker sets off for a
run, is sent back and there is an appeal for his run out. The players request
that the lbw decision is reviewed and the umpires request that the run out be
reviewed. The four criteria above are satisfied, so the run out referral is
determined first. Should the appeal for run out be ‘Out’, then there is no
requirement for the lbw review to take place.
d) In all other circumstances, the two incidents
shall be addressed in chronological order. If the conclusion from the first
incident is that a batsman is dismissed, then the ball would be deemed to have
become dead at that point, rendering investigation of the second incident
unnecessary.
3.9 Interpretation of Laws
a) When using technology to determine where the
ball pitched (as per Law 36.1(b)), the third umpire should refer to the “point”
(or centre) of the ball. Therefore if at least 50% of the ball pitches outside
the line of leg stump, then no LBW dismissal is possible.
b) When using a replay to determine the moment at
which the wicket has been put down (as per Law 28.1), the third umpire should
deem this to be the first frame in which one of the bails is shown (or can be
deduced) to have lost all contact
with the top of the stumps and subsequent frames show the bail permanently
removed from the top of the stumps.
3.10 No Balls
If the on-field umpire is uncertain as to the
fairness of the delivery following a dismissal, either affecting the validity
of the dismissal or which batsman is dismissed, he shall be entitled to request
the batsman to delay leaving the field and to check the fairness of the
delivery (all modes of No ball except for the bowler using an illegal action,
[for clarity, a specific type of banned delivery can be reviewed and called no
ball]) with the third umpire. Consultation with the third umpire shall be by way
of two way radio. If the delivery was not a fair delivery the on-field umpire
shall indicate that the batsman is not-out and signal no-ball. For the
avoidance of doubt, the third umpire shall apply clause 24.2 when deciding
whether a no-ball should have been called.
3.11 Cameras On or Over the
Field of Play
The on-field umpire shall be entitled to refer
to the third umpire for a decision as to whether the ball has been in contact
with any part of the cam-era, its apparatus or its cables above the playing area.
A decision is to be made immediately and cannot be changed thereafter.
An on-field umpire wishing the assistance of the
third umpire in this circumstance shall communicate with the third umpire by
use of a two-way radio and the third umpire will convey his decision to the
on-field umpire by this method.
The third umpire may initiate contact with the
on-field umpire by two-way radio if TV coverage shows the ball to have been in
contact with any part of the camera or its cables above the playing area as
envisaged under this paragraph.
Refer to clause 23.1.
3.12 Big Screen Policy
The current ICC big screen policy will apply. See also 3.2(d)
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